I understand that tariff's apply to members of a collective. So as long as an organization is a member of that collective they are subject to the mandatory tariff's unless there is some other agreement between the collective and it's member that supercedes the tariff (eg. model licence). Since the 1997 copyright law requires institutions to be a member of a collective. It is either a case of accepting the AC terms, creating an new organization with acceptable terms or changing copyright law so institutions are no longer required to be part of the collective. Are there other options or have I misunderstood how collectives work in Canada?