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Mobile Learning: Revision

Mobile Learning
Last updated December 29, 2010 - 6:52pm by Grant Murphy
What is M-learning?
Brown (2005, p.303) states that “m-learning is a subset of e-learning. E-Learning is the macro concept that includes on-line and mobile learning environments…  e-learning is in turn a subset of distance learning, which is in turn a subset of flexible learning”.  It is defined by Alexander (2004) as “nomadic learning” — where students use a wireless device, such as a cell phone or lap top computer, to access and participate in their learning and are freed from being at a fixed location.  
M-learning is grounded in many of same learning theories that support web-based e-learning, such as: 
Behaviourist Learning
Based on feedback and reinforcement in response to a stimulus. Mobile device are capable of automatic rapid response or instant feedback. This could aid in “skill building, little by little” (Kulkulska-Hulme, 2008).
Constructivist Learning
Students actively “construct” new knowledge through various social and cognitive interactions that build on previous knowledge. The various messaging capabilities of cell phones can be used for synchronous and asynchronous communications, interactions, reflections and collaborations that support constructivist learning (Denk, Weber, & Belfin, 2007).
Situated Learning
Learning can occur in an authentic context that embeds the learner in real world activities such as in a lab, or clinical setting. Learners can access “just-in-time” information, (text, images and sound) and report, respond and reflect using their handheld devices (Denk et al., 2007; Guo et al., 2007).
Summary
M-learning also is compatible with the principles of adult and lifelong learning. Learning is “embedded in daily life” (Naismith et al, p. 3).  M-learning can support informal learning activities outside the classroom that are “content light” and that require reflections and dialogue with others (Kukulska-Hulme, 2005a). A summary of various mobile technologies is provided in the following weblink.

References

Alexander, B (2004) Going nomadic: Mobile learning and higher education. Educause September/ October 2004. Retrieved November 17th 2007, from http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERM0451.pdf

Brown, T. (2005). Towards a model for m-learning in Africa. International Journal on E-Learning. July 2005. Retrieved April 1, 2009 from AU Library.

Denk, M. Weber, M, & Belfin, R. (2007). Mobile learning-challenges and potential. Int. J. mobilelearning and organization, 1(2) 122-139. Inderscience publishers. Retrieved April 9, 2008 from http://inderscience.metapress.com.aupac.lib.athabascau.ca/media/64ckykmurpca9alwup4u/contributions/2/y/0/5/2y05arv9pa5rpv60.pdf

Guo, S.H.M., Chong, P.P.and Chang, H-K. (2007). Mobile learning in nursing practical training: an applicability analysis. International Journal Mobile Learning and Organisation, Vol. 1,No. 4, pp.342–354.

Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2008). Current uses of wireless and mobile learning. Landscape study in wireless and mobile learning in the post-16 sector. (Joint Information Systems Committee). Retrieved March 30, 2008 from http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/elearning_innovation/eli_outcomes.aspx

Kukulska-Hulme. A (2005a). Conclusions. In Kukulska-Hulme, A. & Traxler, J. Eds. ( 2005) Mobile learning: a handbook for educators and trainers. (pp 189-196) Great Britain: Routledge.

Naismith L. Lonsdale, P. Vavoula G., sharples, M. (2004). Literature review in mobile technologies and learning. Futurelab series report 11. Retrieved April 13, 2008 http://www.futurelab.org.uk/resources/publications_reports_articles/literature_reviews/Literature_Review203

Competency Categories Exhibited - 
2. Instructional Design & Development
3. Communication Technologies & Networking
5. Research
Grant Murphy

Grant Murphy

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